{"id":118,"date":"2020-09-29T20:25:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T17:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4.jpg"},"modified":"2020-09-29T20:57:37","modified_gmt":"2020-09-29T17:57:37","slug":"h4","status":"inherit","type":"attachment","link":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/hukuksal-surecler\/h4\/","title":{"rendered":"Miras Hukuku"},"author":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"description":{"rendered":"<p class=\"attachment\"><a href='https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4.jpg'><img width=\"250\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Miras Hukuku hak kayb\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fduriyetin s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi belki de ger\u00e7ek hayatta anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n en \u00e7ok ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk dal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ma\u011fduriyetlerin ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na daha \u00f6nceki makalelerimizde Miras Hukuku\u2019yla ilgili bir\u00e7ok bilgiyi payla\u015ft\u0131k. Bu makalemizde ise miras payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u015fanan hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gereken hukuki yollardan bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>Tenkis Davas\u0131<br \/>\nMiras b\u0131rakan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce \u201cMiras Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d makalemizde bahsetmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz tasarruf \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015farak sakl\u0131 pay sahibi miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras hakk\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn giderilmesi ve miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasarrufun kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisine \u00e7ekilmesini sa\u011flayan davad\u0131r. Bu dava sakl\u0131 pay tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar \u00f6nce \u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011fl\u0131 tasarruflardan bu yetmezse en yeni tarihlisinden en eskisine do\u011fru gidilmek \u00fczere sa\u011flar aras\u0131 kazand\u0131rmalar hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Tenkis davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131, sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n(istisnai olarak bu miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n) sakl\u0131 paylar\u0131n\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendikleri tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l ve her h\u00e2lde vasiyetnamelerde a\u00e7\u0131lma tarihinin, di\u011fer tasarruflarda miras\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 tarihinin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer. Sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7abilmesi i\u00e7in; sakl\u0131 payl\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131 bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131ya davay\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir s\u00fcre verilmeli veya s\u00fcre verilmesinin anlams\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak belli olmal\u0131 ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n elinde miras\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten \u00f6ncesine ait aciz vesikas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lunun iflas etmesi durumunda dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131nda iflas masas\u0131 sahiptir. Alacakl\u0131lar a\u00e7acaklar\u0131 tenkis davas\u0131nda ancak kendi alacak miktarlar\u0131 kadar tenkis talebinde bulunabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Tenkis davas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131lar\u0131 miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n tasarruf oran\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak kanunen tenkise tabi tutulan kazand\u0131rmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerdir. Kazand\u0131rma birden fazla ve farkl\u0131 ki\u015filere yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise birden fazla daval\u0131 olur ancak miras\u00e7\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na katlanmak suretiyle bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc dava etmek zorunda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6l\u00fcm tarihi itibariyle tereke de\u011ferinin tespiti yap\u0131l\u0131r. Tenkise konu mal\u0131n de\u011ferinde azalma meydana gelmeden b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n taraflar ad\u0131na tesciline karar verilir. Ancak tenkise konu mal\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, daval\u0131 dilerse paray\u0131 se\u00e7ebilir(mal\u0131n de\u011feri davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denir ve mal davac\u0131ya verilir) veya daval\u0131 mal\u0131 se\u00e7ebilir ( mal daval\u0131da kalmakla beraber daval\u0131 davac\u0131ya sakl\u0131 paya el at\u0131lan tenkisi gereken miktar\u0131 \u00f6deyecektir). Bu takdirde, yeniden ke\u015fif yap\u0131larak tenkis konusu mal\u0131n karar g\u00fcn\u00fcndeki de\u011feri tespit edilir ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan miktar sabit tenkis oran\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131larak sakl\u0131 paya el at\u0131lan, tenkis edilecek bedel veya tasarruf edilebilir miktarlar bulunur.<\/p>\n<p>Tapu \u0130ptal Davas\u0131<br \/>\nMuris Muvazaas\u0131, halk aras\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok \u201cmirastan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rma\u201d olarak bilinen murisin \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce belirli mallar\u0131n\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131lardan bir tanesine tapuda bedelsiz olarak devretmesi durumudur. \u00d6ncelikle muvazaa, 2 ki\u015finin di\u011fer 3.ki\u015fileri yan\u0131ltmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve anla\u015fmay\u0131 yapan 2 taraf\u0131nda iradelerine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli olmayan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere denir. Bu \u015fekilde hak kayb\u0131 ya\u015fayan miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi hukuki yollarla ilgili 01\/04\/1974 tarihli \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihat\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 vard\u0131r;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBir kimsenin; miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 miras hakk\u0131ndan yoksun etmek amac\u0131yla, ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak istedi\u011fi tapu sicillinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tapu sicil memuru \u00f6n\u00fcnde iradesini sat\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusunda a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131 halinde, sakl\u0131 pay sahibi olsun ya da olmas\u0131n miras hakk\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnenen t\u00fcm miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu`nun 18. maddesine dayanarak muvazaal\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve gizli ba\u011f\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin de \u015fekil ko\u015fulundan yoksun bulundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek dava a\u00e7abileceklerine ve bu dava hakk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olan Medeni Kanun\u2019un 507. ve 603. maddelerinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklara etkili olmayaca\u011f\u0131na, Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunun 1.4.1974 g\u00fcnl\u00fc ikinci toplant\u0131s\u0131nda oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bu i\u00e7tihat\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ile g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu hukuki yol \u201cTapu \u0130ptal Davas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Sakl\u0131 pay oran\u0131 zedelenen veya hakk\u0131na zarar gelen davac\u0131, murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra muris ile muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ya da bu ki\u015finin mal\u0131 devretti\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli 3.ki\u015fi olan daval\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemi \u00f6\u011frenmesinden itibaren tapu iptal davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilir. Bu davada zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre yoktur! Ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun resmi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, murisin bor\u00e7 senedi d\u00fczenlemesi, murisin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz \u00fczerinde ipotek veya kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapmas\u0131 ve bunu tapuya \u015ferh ettirmesi durumlar\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f do\u011frultusunda tapu iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. \u015eartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde bu durumlarda tenkis davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Reddi Miras Davas\u0131<br \/>\nMurisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6lenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bor\u00e7 ve alacaklar\u0131yla birlikte olu\u015fan hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini reddetmesine \u201creddi miras\u201d denilmektedir. Murisin \u201cborca bat\u0131k\u201d oldu\u011fu durumlarda miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bundan sorumlu olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in reddi miras kurumu vard\u0131r. Reddi miras ancak murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yap\u0131labilir, murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce mirastan feragat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ya da miras hakk\u0131n\u0131n temliki yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Herhangi bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n murisin son yerle\u015fim yeri Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesine miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z olarak miras\u0131 reddettikleri y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beyanlar\u0131 miras\u0131n reddi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furacakt\u0131r. Miras k\u0131smen reddedilemez, red beyan\u0131 miras\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde miras\u0131n reddedilebilmesi i\u00e7in miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ve ergin olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00d6zel yetkiye sahip temsilci ile de miras\u0131 reddedilebilir. Kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen beyan\u0131n bir istisnas\u0131 TMK m.614\u2019te d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re miras\u0131 reddeden miras\u00e7\u0131lar kendilerinden sonra gelen miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras\u0131n resmi tasfiyesinden \u00f6nce miras\u0131 kabul veya redde davet edilmelerini talep edebilir. Bu talep kendisine resmen tebli\u011f edilen miras\u00e7\u0131lar bir ay i\u00e7inde miras\u0131 kabul etmezse miras onlar taraf\u0131ndan da reddedilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r ve miras art\u0131k iflas h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re tasfiye edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden veya miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmesinden itibaren 3 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde miras\u0131n reddi talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu s\u00fcre hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcredir ve bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde reddedilmeyen miras kabul edilmi\u015f olur. Murisin alacak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kaydedildi\u011fi resmi defterin tutuldu\u011fu hallerde ret s\u00fcresi, defteri tutan Sulh Mahkemesinin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 tereke hakk\u0131nda kararlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak \u00fczere mahkemeye davet etti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lara tebli\u011finden itibaren 1 ay olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Defter inceleme s\u00fcresi bittikten sonra miras\u00e7\u0131 miras\u0131 reddetti\u011fini, resmi tasfiye istedi\u011fini veya deftere g\u00f6re ya da kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z kabul etti\u011fini beyan etmelidir.  Gerekli hallerde hakim ek s\u00fcre verebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kural olarak miras\u0131 reddettikten sonra bundan d\u00f6nmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamakla birlikte, BK m.23 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yan\u0131lma, aldatma, korkutma sonucu miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ret beyan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 halinde yap\u0131lan ret i\u015flemi i\u00e7in iptal talebinde bulunulabilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k ret s\u00fcresinin dolmas\u0131, feragat edilmesi veya tereke i\u015flerine ola\u011fan y\u00f6netim d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hallerinde miras ret hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer! Bu konuda emsal te\u015fkil eden Yarg\u0131tay 14.Hukuk Dairesinin 04.04.2016 tarihli, 2015\/12439 Esas, 2016\/3994 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda \u201c..murisleri \u2026 o\u011flu \u2026 ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardaki paylar\u0131 tapuda kendi adlar\u0131na intikal ettirdikleri ve ayn\u0131 resmi senetle dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u2026\u2019a satm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem TMK\u2019n\u0131n 610\/2 maddesine g\u00f6re terekeyi sahiplenme anlam\u0131na gelen davran\u0131\u015f olmakla davac\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckmen ret hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr..\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>TMK m. 605\u2019e g\u00f6re; Murisin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tarihinde \u00f6demeden aczi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli ve resmen tespit edilmi\u015fse miras reddedilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumun tespiti mahkemeden her zaman istenebilir, bunun i\u00e7in bir irade a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Miras\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla miras\u00e7\u0131lar ge\u00e7ici olarak terekeyi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde kazan\u0131rlar, ret s\u00fcresini miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n susarak ge\u00e7irmesi halinde miras\u0131 reddettikleri kabul edilir. Miras\u0131n bu \u015fekilde h\u00fckmen reddi halinde tereke alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamandaki yerle\u015fim yeri Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi g\u00f6revli mahkemedir.<\/p>\n<p>Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeye yetmeyen miras\u00e7\u0131, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na zarar verme amac\u0131yla miras\u0131 reddederse, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 veya iflas dairesi kendilerine g\u00fcvence verilmedi\u011fi takdirde 6 ay i\u00e7inde reddin iptalini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n  kendine kalan miras\u0131 reddetmesi muristen kendisine kalan dul veya yetim ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmez. Murisin y\u0131llar boyu devlete         yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 primler neticesinde altsoyu ve e\u015finin \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan do\u011fruya do\u011fan bir hak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in miras\u0131n reddedilmesi engel de\u011fildir<\/p>\n"},"caption":{"rendered":"<p>Miras Hukuku hak kayb\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fduriyetin s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi belki de ger\u00e7ek hayatta anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n en \u00e7ok ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk dal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ma\u011fduriyetlerin ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 ad\u0131na daha \u00f6nceki makalelerimizde Miras Hukuku\u2019yla ilgili bir\u00e7ok bilgiyi payla\u015ft\u0131k. Bu makalemizde ise miras payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u015fanan hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gereken hukuki yollardan bahsedece\u011fiz. Tenkis Davas\u0131 Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce \u201cMiras Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d makalemizde bahsetmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz tasarruf \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015farak sakl\u0131 pay sahibi miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n miras hakk\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecav\u00fcz\u00fcn&hellip; <\/p>\n"},"alt_text":"","media_type":"image","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","media_details":{"width":250,"height":213,"file":"2020\/09\/h4.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"h4-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4-150x150.jpg"},"full":{"file":"h4.jpg","width":250,"height":213,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]}},"post":114,"source_url":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/h4.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/attachment"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokalp-hukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118"}]}}